November 2008
With the significant amount of waste now shipped in freight containers on some trades, the potential for problems occurring can be high. Considering the substantial list of perils that a shipper may face, this article aims to ensure that members are fully aware of the implications of shipments of waste in freight containers.

July 2008
A Carefully to Carry Committee publication explaining draught survey theory and practice to make clear the limitations of draught surveying, and best practice methods. This publication will prove useful to those in the industry requiring an understanding of draught surveys, and will also help those aboard ship understand what exactly the draught surveyor should be doing.

March 2008
The raw material to make fuel for nuclear power stations is uranium ore, the main sources of which are South Africa, Australia, North America and the former Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe. The ore is first ground and purified at the mining site using chemical and physical processes to produce a dry powder of natural uranium oxide known as uranium ore concentrate (UOC).

January 2008
Cocoa beans are used in the human food chain with alternative uses in cosmetics and, to a limited extent, in pharmaceuticals. Traditionally cocoa beans are packed into jute bags and subject to sanitary certification prior to shipment. Cocoa beans and jute bags are an ideal medium for harbouring infestation so fumigation is frequently carried out prior to shipment.

September 2007
The carriage of Flexitanks in containers is increasing year on year and many Members are concerned that there are still no regulations covering this form of carriage. They are especially concerned in respect of what the container can safely cope with in terms of volume, weight and dynamic forces experienced during transport, both at sea and on land.

May 2007
This article covers the hazards of the carriage of wood pellets, which are combustible and have caused asphyxiation to crew due to oxygen depletion. Wood pellets, which are sometimes confused with wood pulp pellets, now has its own entry in the BC Code.

February 2005
The renewed interest in gas has seen an increase in the order book for LNG carriers - LNG carriers being the leviathans of the gas carrier fleet. Yet, while attracting great interest, the gas trade still employs relatively few ships in comparison to oil tankers, and hence its inner workings are little known except to a specialist group of companies and mariners.

February 2005
LNG carriers are double-hulled ships specially designed and insulated to prevent leakage and rupture in the event of accident such as grounding or collision. That aside, though sophisticated in control and expensive in materials, they are simple in concept. Mostly they carry LNG in just four, five or six centreline tanks. Only a few have certification and equipment for cross trading in LPG.

February 2005
By reason of the wide variety of liquid cargoes that are carried and the vastly different types of ships involved, it will be appreciated that the subject of sampling is a very wide one. This article is confined to the general principles of how to ascertain the apparent order and condition of goods when they are shipped and, just as importantly, how to preserve the evidence.

February 2005
The stowage on any vessel should be designed to suit the type of permanent ventilation system fitted. Potato cargoes make heavy demands on ships' ventilation systems and a capacity of at least fifteen air changes per hour in each empty hold is required. At these rates the ventilation system should be run continuously except when weather and climatic conditions prevent.

February 2005
Fumigation aims to create an environment, which will contain an effective concentration of fumigant gas at a given temperature, for a sufficient period of time to kill any live infestations. Both the time measured (hours or days) of exposure and concentration of gas is critical to fumigation efficiency.

February 2005
The turnings may heat to high temperatures but will not necessarily exhibit flames. In one incident temperatures in excess of 500°C were observed six feet below the surface of the cargo. Temperatures of this order may cause structural damage to the steelwork of the carrying vessel.

February 2005
One of the most difficult hold cleaning tasks is to prepare a ship for a grain cargo after discharging a dirty or dusty cargo such as coal or iron ore, particularly if the last cargo has left 'oily' stains on the paintwork or other deposits stubbornly adhering to the steel surfaces. Greasy deposits which remain Cargo hold, coal sticking and discharging salt.

February 2005
A brief article on DRI appeared in Carefully to Carry No.12 which was issued in December 1986. This present article deals briefly with the more recent and projected state of the market for the product, manufacturing technology and potential hazards still presented by the product when transported by sea.